Iodine therapy - An effective treatment for thyroid conditions
Iodine therapy, also known as radioactive iodine therapy, is an effective treatment method for patients diagnosed with differentiated thyroid cancer(papillary, follicular or Hurthle cell) and those with hyperthyroidism caused by autoimmune diseases (Basedow-Graves disease), toxic nodular goiter or other forms of thyrotoxicosis.
This therapy utilizes the unique ability of thyroid cells to absorb iodine so that the radioactive isotope I-131 can destroy the affected thyroid tissue, preventing recurrence and improving long-term prognosis.
How iodine therapy works
Treatment involves oral administration of radioactive iodine in the form of sodium iodide (NaI) capsules with the isotope I-131, which concentrates in thyroid tissue and releases radiation, destroying diseased cells.
As the patient becomes a source of radiation for several days, temporary isolation is recommended until the iodine is eliminated from the body.
Indications and benefits of iodine therapy
Iodine therapy is indicated as a curative treatment for differentiated thyroid cancer after removal of the thyroid gland to completely remove the remaining tissue.
It is also effective in cases of hyperthyroidism caused by Basedow-Graves disease or toxic goiter. Studies show that the treatment reduces relapse rates and increases long-term survival rates, up to 85-90% 20 years after treatment.
Preparing for treatment
Patient preparation differs depending on the diagnosis.
For thyroid cancer, a temporary interruption of hormone treatment (3-4 weeks), together with a low iodine diet, may be an option. A more comfortable alternative involves only a short interruption of thyroid hormones and special injections to stimulate thyroid cells.
Patients with hyperthyroidism should stop specific medication a few days before hospitalization.
Iodotherapy remains an innovative and effective solution for thyroid patients, combining safety with long-term effectiveness in preventing relapse and supporting a favorable prognosis!
Latest medical review:
13.02.2025, Dr. Ruxandra Țibu - Medical Specialist