Radioactive iodine: thyroid treatment

Radioactive iodine therapy is an effective method of treatment for various thyroid conditions, often giving rise to numerous questions and myths.

The Elytis Hospitalwe are dedicated to providing accurate and transparent information, helping you to fully understand the process. Our goal is to debunk myths and highlight the reality so that patients can make informed decisions about their health.

How radioactive iodine treatment works

Treatment with radioactive iodine, also called radioiodine therapy, involves administering a small amount of radioactive iodine (I-131). The thyroid gland absorbs this iodine, which emits beta radiation, destroying thyroid cells. This process is used to treat hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid gland) and certain types of thyroid cancer.

The Elytis Hospital, our team of nuclear medicine specialists carefully monitor every stage of treatment. We use state-of-the-art equipment to ensure accurate dosing and rigorous control of the process. Patients are guided through each stage, from the initial preparation to the recovery period.

When radioactive iodine therapy is indicated

Radioactive iodine therapy is indicated in the following situations:

• Hyperthyroidism (Graves-Basedow's disease): to reduce overactivity of the thyroid gland.
• Differentiated thyroid cancer (papillary or follicular): after surgery to remove any remaining thyroid tissue and treat any metastases.
• Toxic nodular goiter: to reduce goiter size and control hyperthyroidism.

The Elytis Hospitaleach patient is evaluated individually to determine whether radioactive iodine therapy is the most appropriate treatment option. We collaborate with endocrinologists and oncologists to ensure a multidisciplinary and personalized approach.

The effects of radioactive iodine therapy on the body:

Although radioactive iodine therapy is considered safe, some side effects can occur:

• Dry mouth: due to salivary gland damage.
• Nausea and vomiting: especially in the first few days after treatment.
• Thyroiditis: inflammation of the thyroid gland that can cause pain and discomfort.
• Hypothyroidism: in most cases, patients will develop hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid gland) and require hormone replacement therapy.
• Rarely, damage to other salivary or lacrimal glands.

The Elytis Hospital, we ensure that patients are informed about possible side effects and are closely monitored during and after treatment. We offer support and counseling to manage any side effects.

How to prepare for radioactive iodine therapy

Proper preparation is essential for the success of radioactive iodine therapy. At Elytis Hospitalwe provide detailed instructions for each patient:

• Low-iodine diet: 1-2 weeks before treatment, a special diet is needed to maximize the absorption of radioactive iodine by the thyroid gland.
• Stopping certain medicines: some medicines, such as iodine supplements and certain thyroid medicines, should be stopped before treatment.
• TSH level test: a blood test to measure thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels is required before treatment.
• Home preparation: to minimize radiation exposure to other people, it is necessary to prepare your home.

The Elytis Hospitalpatients receive clear and precise information about every aspect of their preparation. We are there to answer questions and provide support throughout the process.

Nuclear medicine at Elytis Hospital: precision and innovation

The Elytis Hospital, nuclear medicine is a leading medical specialty, using radioactive substances to diagnose and treat conditions in various fields, including endocrinology. Our services include:

• Thyroid scintigraphy: analysis of thyroid gland function to identify and characterize nodules.
• PET-CT: a hybrid investigation for the diagnosis, staging and monitoring of oncologic conditions, including thyroid cancer.

Our state-of-the-art equipment and team of specialists ensure high-quality images and accurate results.

Why choose Elytis Hospital for radioactive iodine therapy?

• Advanced functional diagnostics: We analyze organ function, complementing information obtained by other imaging methods.
• Early detection: We use radiopharmaceuticals to identify and characterize conditions, often before they are visible by other methods.
• Multidisciplinary approach: we integrate investigations into the overall diagnostic and treatment plan of the patient.
• State-of-the-art technology: modern equipment ensures high-quality images and accurate results.
• Complete care: We are dedicated to the patient's health and wellbeing, providing support and counseling throughout the treatment.

The Elytis Hospital, we are committed to providing excellent medical care with an emphasis on patient safety and comfort. Our team of professionals is ready to provide the care you need.

Radioactive iodine therapy is an effective treatment option for thyroid disorders. At Elytis Hospitalwe are dedicated to providing high quality nuclear medicine services, ensuring accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment for patients.

Contact us for more information and to schedule a consultation.

Latest medical review:

03.03.2025, Dr. Teodor-Marian Ionescu, Specialist

References:

• Daniels, Gilbert H., et. al. "Radioactive Iodine: A Living History." Thyroid, 2023, vol. 33, no. 6.
• Haymart, Megan R. (Dr.), et. al. "Use of Radioactive Iodine for Thyroid Cancer". JAMA, 2011, vol. 306, no. 7, pg. 721 - 728.
• Jaber, Tania, et al. "Targeted Therapy in Advanced Thyroid Cancer to Resensitize Tumors to Radioactive Iodine". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2018, vol. 103, no. 10, pg. 3698 - 3705.
• Kaplan, Michael M. (Dr.), et. al. "Treatment of Hyperthyroidism with Radioactive Iodine". Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America, 1998, vol. 27, no. 1, pg. 205 - 223.
• Mayson, Sarah E., et. al. "Tailoring the approach to radioactive iodine treatment in thyroid cancer". Endocrine-Related Cancer, 2021, vol. 28, no. 10.